While the influx of imported goods has presented challenges, with signs of dumping and subsidisation impacting domestic industries, Vietnam has effectively countered these threats.

The US was the country which initiated the biggest number of investigations into Vietnamese goods last year, with seven cases.

Trade disputes might arise from incompatibility of legal regulations, the lack of stability of policies and the inconsistency in enforcement.

Brazil has not allowed the export of whole frozen shrimp and applies additive and phosphate standards on Tra fish (pangasius) that are different from the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) standards.

To date, Vietnamese exported goods have been involved in 239 trade remedies investigations.

The US Department of Commerce has announced an extension of the investigation period of trade remedy tax evasion for several goods imported from Vietnam, according to the Trade Remedies Authority under the Vietnamese Ministry of Industry and Trade.